Ethanol Fuel

Ethanol fuel  is  ethanol  (ethyl alcohol). Ethanol, also called  ethyl alcohol,  pure alcohol,  grain alcohol, or  drinking alcohol, is a  volatile,  flammable, colorless liquid. A  psychoactive drug  and one of the oldestrecreational drugs  known, ethyl alcohol produces a state known as  alcohol intoxication  when consumed. Best known as the type of  alcohol  found in  alcoholic beverages, it is also used in  thermometers, as a  solvent, and as a  fuel. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as  alcohol  or  spirits. he same type of  alcohol  found in  alcoholic beverages. It is most often used as a  motor fuel, mainly as a  biofuel  additive for  gasoline. World ethanol production for transport fuel tripled between 2000 and 2007 from 17 billion to more than 52 billion litres. From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use increased from 3. 7% to 5. 4%. In 2011 worldwide ethanol fuel prod uction reached 22. 36 billion  U. S. liquid gallons  (bg) (84. 6 billion liters), with the United States as the top producer with 13. bg (52. 6 billion liters), accounting for 62. 2% of global production, followed by Brazil with 5. 6 bg (21. 1 billion liters). Ethanol fuel has a â€Å"gasoline gallon equivalency† (GGE) value of 1. 5 US gallons (5. 7  L), which means 1. 5 gallons of ethanol produce the energy of one gallon of gasoline. Ethanol fuel is widely used in  Brazil  and in the  United States, and together both countries were responsible for 87. 1% of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2011. Most cars on the road today in the U. S. an run on  blends of up to 10% ethanol, and ethanol represented 10% of the U. S. gasoline fuel supply in 2011. Since 1976 the Brazilian government has made it mandatory to blend ethanol with gasoline, and since 2007 the legal blend is around  25% ethanol and 75% gasoline  (E25). By December 2011 Brazil had a fleet of 14 . 8 million  flex-fuel automobiles and light trucksand 1. 5 million flex-fuelmotorcycles  that regularly use neat ethanol fuel (known as  E100). Bioethanol is a form of  renewable energy  that can be produced from agriculturalfeedstocks.It can be made from very common  crops  such as  sugar cane,  potato,  maniocand  corn. There has been considerable debate about how useful bioethanol will be in replacing gasoline. Concerns about its production and use relate to  increased food pricesdue to the large amount of arable land required for crops,  as well as the energy and pollution balance of the whole cycle of ethanol production, especially from corn. Recent developments with  cellulosic ethanol production and commercialization  may allay some of these concerns.